Introduction:

Welcome – it’s time for another in-practice switch review, and this time we’ll be taking a look at Akko POM Browns. Here I’ll be comparing them to other browns and light tactiles, comparing the factory force-curve illustration to the real data, and exploring some surrounding context. I’ve also included plenty of original photos, credited images, memes, and a few sound recordings. Here’s our focus for today:

In all its milk-chocolatey glory.

If you just want to know if these are good are not, yes – they’re excellent light tactiles, and exemplary “browns”. If you like any of the other brown switches, there’s a good chance you’ll find a lot to love here. As the name suggests, these are all-POM – but I really wouldn’t say these are much like other well-known POM switches like NK_Creams.

If you’re still reading, chances are you’d like some details.

The Basics:

• Type: Tactile
• Sub-types: Light, Early-middle bump, Short-travel*
• Brand: Akko
• Manufacturer: KTT
• Top & Bottom Housing: POM
• Stem: POM
• Actuation / Travel: 1.75mm* / 3.65mm*
• Spring (Start / Actuation / Bottom): 35g / 46g / 50g
• Spring size: 18mm
• Factory lube: Yes, light
• Mounting: Plate / 3-pin

*Note about travel specs: The factory sheet for these lists 1.9mm actuation and 4mm travel, but real-world measurements show something closer to 1.75mm actuation and 3.65mm travel. While the graph reads around 35g at actuation, it takes around 46g to clear the bump before it.

A render of the POM Brown from Akko

The factory-supplied force-curve graph; always pairs well with a grain of salt. This diagram depicts a very sharp transition that doesn’t exist in the real switch. Read on for a direct comparison.

Context & Background

On reflection, there’s really a lot here – so I’m going to break it down further into three categories. There’s a Venn-diagram of overlapping categories / lineages representing these switches, and they all have at least a little bit to say about what the Akko POM Brown is and where it sits in the massive sea of MX-compatibles.

Official promotional photo from Akko’s website

Context & Background: Browns

It would be hard to talk about these without mentioning their lineage with other “brown” switches, all of which owe their namesake to the Cherry MX Brown circa 1992, which itself set the format for light MX-compatible tactiles to follow. I suppose if we’re being fully honest here, there’s a high likelihood that Cherry’s choice of brown for their first non-clicky tactile was inspired by Alps Electric’s own SKCL Brown from the late 80’s. Either way, “brown” has been synonymous with non-clicky tactiles in the mechanical keyboard world for quite some time, now.

From Cherry’s marketing: “The characteristic of this tactile switch is characterized by a noticeable feedback. The noiseless guidance of the CHERRY MX Brown trains the sure instinct and helps to act tactically and strategically.” …right… the MX Brown actually came about after an OEM requested something like a Blue but without the click for their quiet-ish ergonomic office keyboards.

While I’d say the Akko POM Brown sets itself apart in a few notable ways, I’d also say it remains true to its roots in the process. Someone shopping for the “brown” experience is not likely to be disappointed with these, and someone introduced to the “brown” experience with these is not going to be led-astray in terms of what to expect from others.

I’d have a hard time talking about browns without acknowledging the memes…

M’yes…

MX Brown bad… (but not really)

am cry

Caption

Fair

we live in a society

Despite the sometimes admittedly funny browns bad meme-ery flying around, MX Browns and their clones remain one of the most popular switch types by the numbers, and have been hailed by tech critics and keyboard enthusiasts alike. Between Chyrosran22, Glarses, and the popularity of heavier tactiles, MX Browns may have learned what negative attention looks like – whether serious or in jest – but what we really have here is a poster-switch for one of the more nuanced subcategories: light tactiles.

Context & Background: Light Tactiles

In the world of MX-compatibility, MX Browns were the first non-clicky tactile – and retroactively, they became the first light tactile. The vast majority of MX compatible tactiles have a heavier, more pronounced tactile bump than any given brown – so what began as the only tactile ended up being on the very mild / light end of the emerging field. They would also be an integral part of the first popular MX frankenswitch, the Ergo Clear – which itself is now a commercial product available from Cherry. When the field was young and choices limited, users wanted and found a way to obtain something between the MXes Brown and Clear.

Official product render of the Cherry MX Ergo Clear commercial switch

Many of the aforementioned memes deride browns for the mildness of their tactile bump. Some say it’s indistinguishable from the surrounding scratch, calling it a “muddy linear” – and I can relate to this criticism when moving straight to browns from something heavier like Zealio V2s, Holy Pandas, BOX Royals, Bettys, et-cetera. It takes me a few minutes (or more) to get used to the lighter tactility / spring weight; when I first make the switch, my WPM and accuracy both tank for a bit. However – once I’ve acclimated, I find light tactiles to be both comfortable and rewarding to use. They’re easier to type on for longer periods – and assuming you aren’t hammering them, they’re also going to be more quiet than a given stronger tactile.

Each subcategory of switches has its own benefits and quirks, and light tactiles are no exception. I just mentioned a bunch of benefits – so now let’s talk quirks. Outside the realm of preference, I think the most regular complaint I see about light tactiles is some kind of noisiness – distinct from loudness. Noisiness is about chaos and complication. If a switch has lots of errant sounds like rattle, ping, and scratch, I’d call it “noisy” regardless of how loud the switch is overall – but not regardless of how loud those errant sounds are compared to intended / normal sounds like clicks, clacks, and yes, even thocks. If a switch is free or nearly-free of those errant sounds, I’ll call it “clean” regardless of how loud it is.

More on this comparison image later, but it’s one great way of illustrating “noisy” vs “clean”; these are equivalent scale force-curve measurements from two switches, zoomed-down to a fraction of a millimeter.

Coming back around to light tactiles: I’ve experienced it as rare to find a stock one that isn’t some degree of noisy – often metallic leaf or spring noise but also rattle and scratch – and I mention all of that here because I think the POM Browns stand-out in that way. We seem to be moving in the direction of cleanliness being normal in switches, but we aren’t there yet, and certainly not with light tactiles. That being the case, I find the POM Browns a breath of fresh air with how little effort it takes to enjoy them: none.

How it feels to install Akko POM Browns into your keyboard | Image credit: iStock

Context & Background: POM

Probably the most common (or at least commonly-seen) application for POM: plastic gears. There’s a very good chance you’ve seen these – and even if not, it’s almost certain you utilize them every day, whether they be in your car, your work computer’s optical drive, or your Xbox at home. | Image credit: Polyplastics Today

Polyoxymethelyne, most often known by the acronym POM, is a family of semi-crystalline thermoplastics known for its wide range of operating temperatures and high strength. It is used in meshing parts like gears, joints, sliding mechanisms, and so-on. In the world of keyboards, POM is the material that composes the vast majority of MX compatible switch stems. Cherry uses it and so do most of the clones – and while experimentation with blends and other plastics is common with switch stems now, POM stems are still by far the most common.

A molecular diagram showing POM and its relation to formaldehyde. | Image from 123rf.com

Before stem material experimentation was common, there were a few notable early examples of housings using different materials than the standard Nylon / polyamide and polycarbonate: TKC + C3Equalz Tangerines with ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, and NK_ Creams with polyoxymethelyne. The UHMWPE Tangies may have been known for their smoothness, but the POM Creams were known for their sound.

Early on there was lots of hype about POM housings being “self-lubricating”, and while there is something to this in terms of the plastic wearing-smooth and sort of making dry lubricant in the form of its own powdered material on the surface, this doesn’t have the effect most keyboard enthusiasts think of when they think about lubing switches. That being the case, most people do lube their Creams, and lubed Creams enjoy glowing praise that’s long outlived the aforementioned hype – though it still appears as a bullet-point on some sales pages, because of course it does, you can’t just leave bullets on the table like that

The NovelKeys Cream – of of the switch scene’s first hype-beasts, and the first all-POM switch. | Image credit: ThereminGoat’s Cream review

One thing original Creams were not: smooth from the package – but what they did do is popularize POM as a housing material. They also set the aesthetic format used by Akko’s POM series; a matching color across all the plastic components. Since they came out a few years ago, quite a few more have followed in their wake. Some are more or less clones, but most actually sound and feel pretty different, being composed of different POM blends and/or using tooling with different surface qualities, et-cetera. Once such example is today’s switch, the Akko POM Brown, along with its pair of all-POM siblings.

Akko POM Brown, Pink, Silver | official promo image from Akko’s social media

As the name implies, Akko POM Browns contain only one plastic: polyoxymethylene. While the switches that popularized this format are known as scratchy and grainy in their stock form, this just isn’t the case with KTT and Akko’s all-POM examples. This may be in large part due to the factory lubrication treatment they all get, but I also think the tooling and type of POM might play a role. Either way, these join some lesser-known-in-the-West switches like MMD Ice Creams on the growing list of smooth-from-the-box all-POM switches on the market.

A sample of the MMD Ice Cream switch; an ostensible NK_ Cream clone that’s actually pretty different, and also quite good, coming pre-lubed from the factory. | Photo (and samples available) from SwitchOddities.com

Section Dinkus

I said it was a lot – but now you have a sense of all the information packed-into the simple name POM Brown – which is, but is also more than light tactile made of stem stuff.

“WHAT is a DINKUS?” you may rightfully ask. This is a dinkus – also known as a section break, flourish, or divider. These are typographical page elements that indicate some kind of pause or break, usually represented by a trio of asterisks [ * * * ]. I’m just taking the opportunity to use the word “dinkus” anywhere I can by placing these at the closing of longer sections – and now you can, too. | Image credit: Gordon Johnson on Pixabay.com

Aesthetics

Someone I know said these look like “they were carved out of a Tootsie Roll” – I agree.

The Akko POM Brown is, unsurprisingly, brown.

Not just the stem, but the entire switch is a matching opaque milk-chocolate color with a medium-glossy finish. This could be an item on that Japanese game show where contestants are tasked with discerning real objects from chocolate facsimiles.

Yep, that one

As mentioned above, this all-matching-color convention follows the Cream series of switches, so-far opting for pink, silver, and brown for the light linear, light speed linear, and light tactile switches respectively. All three switches do have a “creamy” appearance, especially the pinks and browns.

Owing to their delicious appearance, I give these a subjective A for aesthetics.

Sound

While they have the characteristic “snickity” sound of MX-pattern light tactiles, they are notably free of ping, ring, and rattle. In fact, these are some of the most clean-sounding light tactiles I’ve yet used. They have a sharp, fairly high-pitched clack. While I don’t consider them harsh in the POM plate build I’m using, it’s easy for me to imagine folks who don’t prefer brighter sounds in their boards to be put-off by these.

Alongside aesthetics and cleanliness, sound character is really where the Akko POM Browns set themselves apart. Whether or not that’s a good thing comes down to personal taste; these are markedly more clacky than the average brown. It’s possible to type quietly with them, but you have to try harder – especially compared with the Pros Gateron and TTC – switches I’d otherwise consider peers of this one above most other browns. The sound is more clean than most light tactiles, but has a sharp, if not loud quality that may grate on some users.

I have them paired with a soft POM plate (just to keep the all-POM theme going a little farther) and some fairly thick ABS keycaps. I like the sound enough that I’ve kept these switches in the board at least twice as long as I’d planned. Alright, enough words –  here’s some sounds from that keyboard;

With some Equalz stabilizers that have a little tick on the Enter key:

With some TX stabilizers that don’t tick, but have too much Nyogel on them – there’s also a NuPhy GhostBar in-place of the DCX one for this recording:

Enjoyment of sound is of course subjective (as are all my scores), but owing to the outstanding cleanliness among light tactiles, I feel I should give these at least an A for the sound category.

Feel

If you’ve ever used a brown MX compatible switch these will be familiar, however their bump profile is a bit different. It starts a little sooner and sustains a little longer than the traditional Cherry MX or Gateron Browns. They’re a light tactile with a smooth and gentle bump you can still feel while typing.

This would be a great time to compare TheraminGoat‘s real-world measurements with the factory-supplied force-curve graph:

ThereminGoat’s measurements, overlaid and scaled to the factory graph; note the small difference in peak force, and the big difference in bump shape and travel distance! Even the factory graph shows it as less than 4mm, but the real measurements reveal it to be even shorter.

Feel: Smoothness

These are smooth switches; there isn’t much grain in the sound or the feel. Here’s a visual aid comparing the first small part of travel of a Cherry MX Hyperglide Brown with an Akko POM Brown, zoomed way-in on the graph so you can see that grain (or lack thereof) I mentioned:

See all that noisy squiggling in the top line? That’s scratch. In more orderly forms I call it grain. Now check out the bottom line – notice the relative lack of harsh or abrupt changes. | Measurements by ThereminGoat

Not even the Gateron Pro V2 Brown is as actually smooth as this. It might feel more buttery, but there is measurably less grain on the Akko. I’ve hardly scanned every light tactile graph out there, but this earns an A+ in my book.

Feel: Stability

Resting position wobble / 10: N/S – 2, very little | E/W – 3, some | Very Good: A

Bottom position wobble / 10: N/S – 2, very little | E/W – 2, very little | Very Good: A

Travel Stability: 8/10, Very Good: A

Housing Fitment: 8/10, Very Good: A

Cap Fitment: Excellent: A+

Off-center Performance: Excellent: A+

Overall: As stable and solid a light tactile as I have yet experienced. I can imagine better, but haven’t tried it. Easy A.

Feel: Weighting

ThereminGoat’s Force-curve graph data for the down-stroke of the Akko POM Brown with visual annotations added by myself; lines to help track the starting break-away point, tactile peak, and bottom-out point. I also added some shaded areas to help illustrate the bump and its peak; that part is to some degree down to my interpretation, so take it with a grain of salt.

Travel starts at ~35g, the bump peaks just after 1mm at ~46g and falls back down to ~35g again at ~1.75mm where it actuates, then climbs back up to ~50g at bottom-out, ~3.75mm.

Along with the otherwise very low level of noise in the travel, this makes for a gentle yet positively confirming tactile experience. I mentioned this once before, but the bump starts a little early compared to the classic MX Brown:

Force-curve graph for the classic Cherry MX Brown (pre-Hyperglide); note the more concentrated bump with more steep front-end. The bump and its peak both start later than on the POM Brown.

Here’s an overlay to help compare:

Akko in brown, Cherry in red

The Akko is on the whole a more gentle switch than the Cherry, but because there’s less scratch and other noise, that more gentle bump comes through more clearly. This is what I mean when I say these are browns refined, if decidedly on the branch of long-pole. That is, shorter travel and with a louder clack than otherwise.

I think the Akko POM Brown is a very well-balanced light tactile, and on that note, I give it a subjective A for weighting.

Feel: Familiarity

This is a new section I’m adding, as it’s something I like to discuss when recommending switches. Are you looking for something like what you’ve tried, just better? Or are you looking for something novel to tickle your fancy? Is the switch approachable for newbies, or only lovable by a select niche?

When it comes to the Akko POM Browns, I think they’ll be very approachable for most users, though the shorter travel and sharper clack may be a turn-off for some. They’re a little different, but mostly they’re a cleaned-up take on a well-established theme. These get a B+.

This is a great time to break-out some teardown photos:

18mm

13, maybe 13.5mm

A close look at the bump profile of the Akko POM Brown stem

Another angle on the stem; you might be able to see how the bump portion of the stem rails narrow a bit in a sort of bevel; I suppose this reduces the surface-area in contact with the leaf, thus reducing friction. As far as I’m aware, this feature exists on all KTT-made tactiles.

The bottom housing, more or less straight-on

Another angle; note the little dab of grease on the leaf where it touches the stem.

The top housing from above

From another angle

Reliability & Caveats

This is a section where I talk about functional reliability, and consolidate any other caveats that may have come up in any other sections into a list of suggestions for potential improvement.

Consistency:

If there’s any significant inconsistency here, I haven’t noticed it. There might be an occasional housing top not quite as tight as the rest, a spring a little more jiggly than its neighbors… but I’m grabbing at straws. I’ve got nothing to write here and that’s a good thing. A-.

Functional Reliability:

I’ve been using these for well over a month, and I can’t say I’ve experienced a single issue with them. Every single rare extra letter I can attribute to my own nerves and/or over-caffination. These get a clean A+ from me for their flawless track-record and excellent off-center stability.

Other Caveats:

These are three-pin, plate-mount switches – so they aren’t going to be a good choice for a plate-less build. They aren’t the best for surface-mounted LEDs, but do have a little square window so they aren’t the worst, either. That’s about it. These get a solid A- on compromise.

Suggestions for improvement:

Genuinely, all I’d ask for is a 5-pin option.

Another look at this tasty bon-bon of a brown

Value

At around 50 cents per switch depending on where you get them, these are priced comparably to Cherry MX Browns and land pretty middle-of-the-road. For the stock quality on-offer, especially in the category, I think these easily earn a solid A for value.

Comparisons

I haven’t included this as its own section in most of my reviews so far, and I have this switch, where comparison is especially relevant, to thank for reminding me to include it moving forward. How could I not have a section comparing the (visually) brownest Brown to at least a few other Browns? I have force-curve graphs for some of these, but not all – for those that I do, I’ve included an overlay comparison like with the classic MX Brown above.

Akko POM Brown recap comparison notes:

While they have the characteristic “snickity” sound of MX-pattern light tactiles, they are notably free of ping, ring, and rattle. In fact, these are some of the most clean-sounding light tactiles I’ve yet used. They have a sharp, fairly high-pitched clack. While I don’t consider them harsh in the POM plate build I’m using, it’s easy for me to imagine folks who don’t prefer brighter sounds in their boards to be put-off by these.

Also of note for this comparison: the bump profile on POM Browns is somewhere in between the fully-centered traditional brown, and the topped-out T-shaped “negative” bump of switches like the Ink Kangaroo or BOX Royal. With a bump this light, though, that distinction doesn’t stand out as much as it might on those aforementioned examples.

BRB, gonna eat some chocolate

Comparison to other browns:

Cherry Brown: The literal format-setter for MX light tactiles. Compared with the APB, these have a less definite bump that’s more towards the middle, more scratch, a lot more metallic noise, and a slightly less-hard bottom-out. Also less stable.

This is an RGB version, salvaged from an ASUS number pad.

Orange: Cherry MX Hyperglide Brown – I used this version here since it’s the one currently being made and sold. Note the “notch” near the beginning of the bump; I believe this is intentional to give a more confirming feedback, but I think it may also make them feel a bit more crunchy or noisy.

BSUN Brown: A typical clone. Similar to the Cherry, but a little chunkier throughout. That is, a little heavier and with a more clearly-pronounced tactile bump. Comparable scratch and grain, but notably less metallic noise. (That said there is an occasional crinkle from one of the metal parts.) Compared with the APB; more scratch, less stability, more pronounced tactility lower in the key travel, deeper clack, less clean. I only have a sample or two of these but get the sense they’d be pretty satisfying when tuned, but in stock form feel unrefined next to the POM Browns.

I got this sample from SwitchOddities.com

Gateron Brown (standard): The classic clone. Compared with the APB, these also have a less definite bump, if more-so than Cherry’s, and only due to less adjacent noise in the travel. Same story with scratch; this one lies between the Akko and Cherry offerings. These are also a little less stable than the Akkos, but these days, more than the Cherries.

The basic all-Nylon version

Gateron G Pro Brown: The classic clone upgraded. This is only one of two browns on the list with any qualities I’d call “better” than the Akko: notably perceived smoothness. The Akkos are plenty smooth, but these feel buttery without any harshness. This has a slightly less definitive bump than the Akko despite its more abruptly steepening curve. It also has more wobble and a more muted bottom-out. Like the other more traditional browns, this one has a centered bump – though it’s worth noting it starts later than Cherry’s.

Green: Gateron G-Pro 2.0 Brown – I used a 1.0 for my testing comparison, but only have a graph for the 2.0 – close enough!

There’s an occasional odd metallic report from these, but on the whole they are comparably clean to the Akkos. Maybe a bit less consistent but also less sharp overall. Put another way, they feel softer. Honestly a little too ethereal for me and my modestly clumsy fingers, but seem like they’d be a delight for light tactile enjoyers. Aside from an old MX Brown board, this is the only switch on the list I currently have in a full board besides the POM Browns.

Version 1 – the new ones have even better lubing and a condenser lens instead of a slot for the LED.

Greetech Brown: A generic clone. Pretty similar to the Cherry it’s copying, if even more noisy when stock. These aren’t bad switches, but in stock form are inferior to POM Browns in just about every way. Lots more scratch, more wobble, definite spring-rattle, less clean overall. The bump is a little more pronounced but still mild. Like Cherry, these have lots of tuning headroom – but need that tuning to be worth putting in a nice board, where APBs are above average right from the box. (Also, they come in a box.)

¯\_(ツ)_/¯

Kailh BOX Brown: The brown re-interpreted. This one is middle-of-the-road in many ways, except when it comes to cleanliness and complexity. That is, the higher moving part count makes for more “information” in the feel and sound. There’s not as much scratch or ping as you’d get from a stock Cherry, but there are more sounds being made by the switch at once overall, mostly the pusher against the stem and housing. I think this makes these feel extra “mechanical” – and while I wouldn’t call this noise objectively bad by any stretch of the imagination (I actually quite like it), I also can’t call it “clean” – so Akko still gets the point there.

See what I mean about “complex”? Actually a graph for the 2.0 version, but I don’t think the tactility as too different. Another thing of note here; the tactile peak is significantly heavier than the spring weight, but is also very early in the travel, so might not necessarily force a bottom-out.

Like the APBs, these have “negative” tactility, also called a top bump or T-shaped bump. Also worth noting: these are less consistent than Akko POM Browns in pretty much every way – so if that matters to you, these are not the move. BOX switches also tend to have just a hair of resting cap twist, which I’m pretty sure is a flaw in the design or manufacturing process.

This one has a black bottom, having come from a hotswap OEM board, but is otherwise the same as any other BOX Brown.

Reccazr KU Brown: Easily the biggest outlier on the list that isn’t a completely different design like the BOX, even including the non-browns below. Like the BOX (and unlike the APB), this switch has negative tactility – meaning bump starts right at the top, and you push through it to start the switch moving. It probably has the most full / deep sounding clack on the list. It performs similarly in terms of smoothness and wobble to the APB being from the same factory, but the tactile event on this flavor of brown is more punchy than most anything else mentioned in this review.

Tan: KTT R. KU Brown. These are almost the same save for the first bit of travel, and that changes a lot. This is an excellent illustration comparing negative tactility vs something closer to standard.

I’d place it comfortably in “medium” territory, if on the light side of it – there are plenty of tactile bumps out there that dwarf this one, but not in the world of “browns”, and definitely not the APB. I happen to think this is a fantastic switch in general and is on my short list of samples I want a full set of, but my recommendation of it will always come with the asterisk that it’s a different experience compared with the otherwise fairly same-y field of brown switches that more or less aim for the same light tactile experience.

I don’t know how to say it, either.

TTC Gold Brown V3: The aspirational clone. A fairly familiar brown with lots of tuning potential, but fairly dreadful stock performance when it comes to cleanliness. Harsh and rattly out of the bag, these will reward the hard work and patience of lubing. A thick oil or thin grease on these will give you a buttery light tactile you’ll want to use all day.

Gold, baby.

TTC Gold Brown Pro (V4): The ascendant clone. Evolution of the Gold Brown V3; essentially a pre-tuned version with further revised tooling. In very sparse company with the G Pro Browns, the Gold Brown Pros aren’t only similar in-name – they’re both competently pre-tuned light tactiles with very good if not quite perfect performance from the factory. If you like the cleanliness and top-bump of the Akko POM Browns but wish the collisions were less harsh, this is a great stock light tactile option.

I like these.

Comparisons to other light tactiles:

Invokeys Blueberry Chiffon (un-lubed version): The hipster adjacent. While I also consider these to be exceptional light tactiles alongside APBs, they still sit a notch below in my personal ranking system – at least when it comes to the un-lubed version. The bump is extra crisp and discrete with the IBCs (and it’s in the middle), but it’s not as clean.

Light but very crisp and well-balanced with the spring. Noisy when unlubed, but the whole point of that version is for people to lube their own.

Shorter than most MX bumps, but not sharp like a click-bar or anything. In their dry state, these things are understandably straight up *noisy*, owing mostly to ping – probably the farthest thing from “clean” on this list. They are, however, quite stable – on-par with the Akkos if not better.

Aflion made these.

KTT Mallo: The older sibling. KTT is the manufacturer for Akko POM Browns, and I’ve also known them as a manufacturer that makes above-average light tactiles that generally have a single flaw, leaf noise. I’m happy to report that APBs have all but completely eliminated that noise while retaining everything else I loved about the Mallos, which are otherwise fairly similar. The Mallos, of course, don’t have housings made of POM. These are similar-feeling to POM Browns, but are a little more metallic and less clean.

Inspired by Peeps!

SP Star Meteor Orange (gray housing): Slightly heavier and more pronounced than some of the other browns – in similar territory to the BSUN, not as much as the Reccazr. Still closer to a typical brown in weight and intensity than most tactiles around these days. All-Nylon like the standard Gateron and Greetech above, but more smooth and clean than either – and in fact most on the list. You get some Nylon grain and some ring on harder bottom-outs, but the switch is notably light on errant noises like rattle, crunch, or crinkle. Thanks to its much deeper, more calm sound signature, I think I might actually prefer these to the APBs.

These are really nice.

Section Dinkus

While that was a lot of browns, that wasn’t even close to all of them. The topic of browns deserves at least one of its own articles; that in mind, I tried to stick to popular or otherwise common examples that readers may have encountered before – or that may appear in one of the increasingly common sample testers offered for sale by various keyboard vendors. The Akko Pom Brown is at once an exemplary and an outstanding example among its umber brethren.

Image credit: Gordon Johnson on Pixabay.com

Recap & Conclusion

An overview

It’s familiar with enough distinction to stand apart. It’s smooth with subtle weighting and tactility. It has a sharp, clean clack. I don’t know if I can pick a favorite brown switch, but if I had to, Akko POM Browns would be on the short list. It’s an exceptionally clean light tactile available at a refreshingly standard price. If you’re in the market for a brown or a light tactile in general, these are definitely worth considering.

Aesthetics: A
Sound: A
Smoothness: A+
Overall Stability: A
Housing Fitment: A
Cap Fitment: A+
Off-Center Performance: A+
Weighting / Balance: A
Familiarity: B+
Consistency: A-
Reliability: A+
Compromise: A-
Value: A

Overall subjective score: A+

I’d been wanting to try these since they came out, and once I did, I didn’t want to take them out of my tester board. But life must go on, there are other switches to test! Very much as a new favorite, Akko POM Browns go back on my shelf… for now.

How I store these when not in-use

The light weight takes a little acclimating for me, sometimes repeatedly – but these have to be some of the most pleasant to use light tactiles right out of the box I’ve tried.

Alright! That’s all I have to say about the Akko POM Browns for today. Thanks so much for reading, and have a good one!

Introduction:

Hello my friends – I have a few hours to spare today which means it’s time for another switch review. I’ve been typing on the Ajazz × Huano Diced Fruit Kiwi switches daily for a couple weeks now, and while I have to say these aren’t for everyone, they’ve made a fan of me.

Product photo for the Diced Fruit Kiwis from the Ajazz website

For the sake of brevity, I’m going to call these “DF Kiwis” from here forward. Let’s get into it!

The Basics:

• Type: Tactile
• Sub-types: Top-bump • T-shaped bump • Long-pole
• Brand: Ajazz
• Manufacturer: Huano
• Housing: PC top • Nylon bottom
• Stem: Assuming POM • long-pole
• Actuation • Travel: 1.9mm • 3.3mm
• Spring weight: 60g • 50g • 60g*
• Spring type: 21mm • two-stage
• Factory lube: Yes • light grease
• Mounting: Plate • 3-pin

The illustrated force curve graph and switch render from the factory spec sheet

*If this weight distribution looks a little strange, that’s because it is. While the spring itself should theoretically let you start moving the stem at around 35-50g of pressure, the tactile bump at the top keeps it from moving until you’ve applied around 60g – which is nearly the same amount required to bottom-out the whole switch. Actuation happens between those two crests right after the lowest dip at around 50g.

Spec sheet drawing of the Ajazz Diced Fruit Kiwi switch

Context & Background:

I honestly don’t have much to share here, aside from these being one of the first switches I saw that included glitter inside the housing plastic. The real elephant in the room here is the already successful Kiwi switch from The Key Company and C3 Equalz; more or less a boutique T1 variant. Whether or not that switch played-into the naming and/or character of this switch is the stuff of speculation – seems likely, but who knows.

A TKC × C3 Equalz Kiwi, with its own custom housing and grey T1 stem borrowed from the Koala.

As of writing these have been around at least a couple years; I’m just now getting around to them myself thanks to a holiday gift card and a bit of curiosity. Like TKC, Ajazz is approaching a fruit-themed series here – specifically “diced” – don’t want any lawyers getting too excited.

An official product photo for the DF Kiwis; a little similar, a lot distinct

I’d also like to briefly touch on a topic I’ll be covering more in-depth in the near future, because this switch is such an excellent example of it. For me, this switch is emblematic of why I don’t really encourage anyone other than switch nuts to engage in frankenswitching these days. That is, a few years ago, the only way to get a switch like this one would be to combine switch parts from different manufacturers that use different specs for things like how deep the central tube is, or how long the central stem pole is.

A favorite funky frankenswitch I think the DF Kiwi makes more or less redundant; a TKC Dragonfruit housing paired with a Gazzew U4T stem, which I nicknamed “PB&J”

Around that time, variety hadn’t quite exploded yet, and frankenswitching was a great way to explore new possibilities that weren’t available widely (or at all) in the commercial market. While it’s still a fun way to learn, many of my favorite franken-styles can be had for less money and effort as commercial switches these days; and the DF Kiwi is a perfect example.

When I saw people looking for a super-short, all-bump tactile, I’d recommend Halo or U4T stems in JWK housings with long springs. Now I recommend DF Kiwis.

Aesthetics:

One might think this is the most distinguishing feature of these switches, and that would be a reasonable assumption if not a correct one. Even today these are very distinctive in appearance, even more-so when they were first released. The colors here are more directly inspired by a slice (or dice) of kiwi than TKC’s version; lighter yellow-greens complete with little speckles to simulate the seeds. I love the look of the T1 Kiwi – so much so that I had a custom stained-glass window made in reference to it – but I have to hand it to Ajazz here, this look does a fantastic job as visual reference to actual kiwi fruit.

Actual kiwi fruit

Those speckles I mentioned are actually glitter flakes embedded in the housing plastic. There are a few switches with glittery housings these days, but I think most of those have more fine sparkly bits than the discernible flakes here. These mainly provide dark contrast to the light yellow-green plastic like seeds, but do occasionally scintillate as they reflect the light like the shiny, almost sparkly texture of sliced kiwi fruit. These switches are instantly recognizable and fun to look at, and I also think they nail the theming. That’s why I’m giving them a subjective A+ when it comes to aesthetics.

I think they nailed it

One other note here; I could discern at least two distinct styles of logo badge in the batch I have, mixed together in both packs. One has a badge with the same surface look as the surrounding plastic, one has a different surface there, generally making for more contrast.

Comparing the two styles of badge I’ve seen on these so far; one where the text looks filled-in, one where it looks outlined; or perhaps one is matte and one is shiny. I’m not sure if it’s an intentional revision or just inconsistency.

Sound:

My chair decided to be very squeaky that day…

These are clackity, snickity-snackity switches – and remarkably clean at that. For the most part, all you’re going to hear with these is the bottom and top-out sounds; not much in the way of scratch, swish, crunch, ping, ring, or any of that other stuff one might expect from a factory tactile with a steep bump.

The top-out is a little thin with just the tiniest hint of dry impact rattle; but this is really reaching for nit-picks. While they have excellent performance in their own right, their extra-short travel inherently makes stabilizer tuning more challenging, which I think is worth consideration. All that said, I give these a subjective sound score of A-. That is, exceptionally clean from the box for a steep tactile; complicated by a slight mismatch with standard stabilizer specs.

Feel

I think this is really where the DF Kiwis stand apart; the combination of super-short travel with a smooth top-bump and a pre-loaded spring makes for a pretty novel experience.

Probably the first thing to mention about the overall feel of these switches is just how snappy they are, along with the short travel, of course. The go down with a snap, and pop back up affirmatively. The have a sprightly cadence that reminds me of running down a hill just a bit too quickly, to the point of nearly tumbling. If you can strike the balance, you’ll be flying indeed. Each crispy clack like the crackle of rocks under the feet of a fell runner.

Kinda like this.  •  Photo from suunto.com

Once cresting what I feel is a steep but short learning-curve, I found these easy and intuitive to use quickly and accurately. They were quite strange to me at first, but after just a day or two I felt right at home with them.

A sea of Kiwis – the TKC ones, that is.

Before I get too deep into the individual details here, I’d like to make a direct comparison to the TKC Kiwi. Compared to that switch, the DF Kiwi:

• Is much shorter travel, by about 0.7mm
• Has a shorter, lighter bump
• Has a lighter bottom-out weight

A cozy bunch of DF Kiwis

Let’s get into the details…

Feel – Smoothness:

There’s only so much I can say about the smoothness of a switch whose tactile bump consumes most of its travel – but is it smooth? Yes. Yes it is.

In normal typing, there’s no grit or grain to speak of – nor is there any scratch or even texture, for that matter. You get the bump, you get the clack, you get the top-out. The journey between is a short interplay between the spring and leaf, none of which generates any unwanted friction.

A photo from the Ajazz sales page for these switches

Holding the switch up to my ear and actuating it very slowly like some kind of obsessive crazy person, I still don’t feel or hear any scratch. Even though it doesn’t need smoothness to be an enjoyable snappy tactile, it’s plenty smooth anyway. I think the only thing detracting from this (as well as the sound) is a dry quality to the top-out.

All this in mind, DF Kiwis earn a solid A- from me when it comes to being a slick tactile.

Feel – Stability:

Resting position wobble /10: N/S – 2, very little | E/W – 2, very little

Bottom position wobble /10: N/S – 3, quite low for a long-pole | E/W – 2, very little

Travel Stability: 8/10, Very Good

Housing Fitment: 9/10, Excellent: A

Cap Fitment: No apparent issues: A

Here’s the underside of the top housing, because I wasn’t sure where else to put it. Note the lack of leaf-teeth, like Outemu and TTC.

Here’s the top-side, if you were curious

Overall, DF Kiwis have less wobble than average, seemingly aided by the spring. You can make this switch wobble a bit, but it’s not really inclined to in normal typing. Said another way, the travel stability carries-over to aid both the resting and bottom position stability, and in normal use the switch feels very stable – exceptionally so for a long-pole variety. I’d give these an easy A for overall stability.

Feel – Weighting:

TL;DR: The bump is super-steep, right at the top, and matches the bottom-out weight. While it looks kind of extreme on paper and does feel very index-y, it’s surprisingly approachable, even light-feeling once you orient to the shorter travel.

The stem, looks like around 13.75mm

The stronger the tactile bump, the more of a role it plays alongside the spring in how the weighting feels. The spring here has an approachable weight with plenty of preload, making for a small delta between the start of movement and bottom-out. Add to that a snappy-yet-smooth bump all the way up-top, and you get a remarkably well-balanced feel for such short travel.

The ~21mm two-stage spring

According to the illustrated factory force-curve graph, the tactile event of this switch takes up 2/3 of the entire travel – which at typing speed, feels like the entire travel. While the bump is very snappy and does confidently resist all but the heaviest of fingers from accidental actuation, it also isn’t nearly so heavy-feeling as it looks on that graph, and I think there’s a good reason for that.

Factory spec sheet snippet with illustrated force-curve graph

The peak of the tactile bump lines-up nicely with the peak force of the spring at bottom-out. Once you’ve applied enough force to start the switch moving at all, you’ve applied enough force to push it all the way down – this is why it’s challenging to type on these without striking bottom. This is an on-off indexing type of switch, which happen to be one of my favorite tactile sub-types.

An annotated version of the factory graph to illustrate some of the relationships I mentioned

All of that established, I think we’re beginning to have a clear picture of the things that make this switch what it is, and why it feels the way it does. In a “traditional” MX tactile, the tactile event is a bump around the middle of the force-curve otherwise dominated by the spring. In switches like this, the force-curve is dominated by the tactile event, itself an interplay between the bump and spring taking up most of the travel.

A close-up of the stem and it’s snappy bump

I may be biased with my preferences here, but I think this switch strikes an excellent balance of weight between its spring and bump while keeping the peak force in very reasonable territory, making for a very tasty tactile experience. That in mind, I give these a subjective A+ for weighting.

Reliability & Caveats:

This is a section where I talk about functional reliability, and consolidate any other caveats that may have come up in any other sections into a list of suggestions for potential improvement.

Consistency: In this kind of switch – that is one dominated by its tactile event – I think it’s always a bit more difficult to pick-out consistency issues with feel or even sound. Whether or not this counts as an advantage of the style I’ll leave to you. All this said, I haven’t run into any functional consistency issues at all with these since I started using them, and they all sound and feel pretty much the same to me. However – I will note at least two permutations of the name plate badge, as I mentioned in the Aesthetics section above.

Another look at the inconsistent name plates; pardon the annihilated white-balance

Functional Reliability: Huano claims a life of 80-million actuations. I’m obviously not in a position to verify that, but I can tell you that I haven’t experienced any issues with these when it comes to functionality: no chatter (double inputs), dead switches, or otherwise weird behavior.

When it comes to overall reliability I’ll give these a clean A+ for the specified long life and apparent lack of consistency issues.

A look at the bottom housing, with what looks like light grease in the center tube and on the contact rails.

Other Caveats: Aside from just getting used to them, another important consideration with any long-pole or otherwise short-travel MX-compatible switches is how that travel relates to the stabilizers. These days some manufacturers are making *long-pole stabilizers with longer mounting stems, but those are a set additional length, and the switch travel comes in many varieties. There’s still potential for issues caused by the discrepancy between switches and stabs, mostly in the form of tick and teeter. This in mind, I give these an admirable B when it comes to compromise.

My favored way to deal with these problems is still OKLB’s North-facing compatibility washers – thanks again to walkerstop for this fantastic advice that I use constantly. If only the washers weren’t so hard to come by!

Another option is to use thick and/or stacked pads from stabilizer tuning kits like the C3 Equalz Soulmate, or even just random bits of adhesive-backed foam.

Another close-up of the stem, complete with extra-long pole and little ejection marks that make the front look like a cute surprised spider face

Suggestions for improvement: I don’t think these switches really need anything, but walled stems with further improved tolerances might be worth considering whenever it’s time to refresh the tooling.

Value:

At around 45 cents each, these are a middle-priced switch – and aside from being a fairly interesting sub-type, I think their stock quality outshines most peers in the bracket. The DF Kiwis earn a solid A for value in my book.

It looks to be pretty standard for the Diced Fruit switches to come 45+1; mine did. 45 sealed under a fruit-can style pull-tab top, and one open in the box – in case you want to try one and don’t feel like breaking the seal just yet.

Recap & Conclusion:

Aesthetics: A+
Sound: A-
Smoothness: A-
Overall Stability: A
Housing Fitment: A
Cap Fitment: A
Spring Feel: A+
Reliability: A+
Compromise: B
Value: A

Overall subjective score: A-

I’d been sleeping on these for years, figuring them to be knock-offs of the other switches named after the same fruit. I picked some up on a whim, and they surprised me twice: once by being nothing like the other Kiwis, and again by being consistent, clean, and generally excellent right from the box.

Another product photo; a collection of  DF Kiwis

They threw me off with their short travel in the beginning, but their crystal-clear haptics and well-balanced tactility make them fast, natural typing switches for me. DF Kiwis are some of my new favorite tactiles.

Alright – that’s all I have to say about the Ajazz × Huano Diced Fruit Kiwi switches for today. Thanks so much for reading, and have a good one!

Introduction:

Hello my friends, it’s time for another switch review, and today we’ll be taking a look at (and through) the icy-clear Gateron North Pole. I’d been eagerly waiting for these to come out and picked some up as soon as they were available. I’ve been using them for a few months now, and I’m ready to share my thoughts. This review is dropping quite a bit later than I’d originally intended, but hey – this gave me plenty of time with the switches, and I can tell you now that they’re among my favorite linears to type with in my whole collection.

There are lots of clear switches, but none of them are quite *this* clear.

A disambiguating side note for any international readers: in the US, this is a single switch product and is only available in one spring-weight from most vendors. The few vendors that have multiple weights distinguish them by the rated measurement. In some other markets, though, Gateron’s “North Pole” is a series of switches much like “Pro 2.0” and is similarly available in the three most popular linear “colors” of black, red, and yellow. The switches themselves are still all-clear, and ostensibly contain the springs from Gateron Blacks, Reds, or Yellows. If I understand correctly, the “North Pole” switch sold in the US market is sold as “North Pole Yellow” in other places, alongside the other color-coded weights. I’ve also seen these included in the Pro 2.0 series in some places, which is logical enough given the housing appearance.

The Basics:

• Type: Linear
• Sub-type: Slow-curve
• Brand: Gateron
• Manufacturer: Gateron
• Housing: Polycarbonate
• Stem: Proprietary “Ink” material
• Spring weight: 50g / 55g / 68g*
• Factory lube: clear oil, generous application
• Mounting: PCB / 5-pin

Factory spec sheet for the Gateron North Pole (Yellow); *real-world measurements further-down

Context & Background:

There’s a lot here – if you just want to know about this switch, scroll on about half-way down the page to the next divider line.

An Everglide Aqua king; more or less why we’re here today, if indirectly.

Appearing on the scene well after the novelty of all-clear switches had run its course, I think this switch is a great talking point in the debate of priorities between being first and being the best. I couldn’t properly talk about this switch without first mentioning Everglide’s Aqua Kings and the fad they kicked-off – but I’ll start a little farther back than that.

The first wave of switches to hit the market after the MX patent expired were more or less facsimiles of the existing Cherry MX line, with occasional tweaks and minor experiments along the way. Blues, Reds, maybe Yellows if you’re feeling adventurous. Then came Zealios, Halos, Creams – within just a few years the field exploded into every imaginable color, weight, and style. Novel derivatives made the MX mechanical keyboard experience all the more tune-able to one’s tastes, even including aesthetics.

A jar of Aqua Kings, backlit

These days you can find switches in just about any color and finish you could want, but not very long ago the idea of a switch not following the established Cherry conventions was indeed pretty novel. (Hence NovelKeys, right?) Today’s switch landscape is a veritable zoo of plant, animal, and food-inspired names; more interesting than simple colors, but no more informative. (Still, I’ll take variety over standardization just about any day.)

After the rise of JWK and the like, tailoring a keyboard build to a specific color theme was all the more easy – but there was *one* look that no one had yet executed successfully: totally clear switches. The demand was there – I remember a popular keeb video having a thumbnail depicting an RGB rainbow of switches in a board, that rainbow shining through the stems – or at least appearing to. I think these were actually optical switches using the MX mount, not actual MX-compatibles – and the video wasn’t about clear switches – but just the notion served to make that thumbnail successful at its job of attracting traffic. For years I’d see that thumbnail from time to time and think, “why hasn’t someone done this in MX switches yet?”

The thumbnail in question. I think these are actually Flaretech Opticals, as seen on the Wooting One.

Turns out there was indeed a reason. Without putting words in anyone’s mouth, I’ll say it like this: stems are the most sensitive part when it comes to tolerances, and many clear plastics are challenging to shape precisely at that size. Some of them shrink. Some of them warp. Some of them are easier to shape but sacrifice significant durability – so experimentation here was pretty limited, at least for a time.

Aqua Kings, mounted in a KBD67 Lite with its stock polycarb plate and paired with KBDFans’ polycarb stabilizers.

Even with all the variety that quickly hit the scene post-2015, the list of materials used for switches was quite short – stems even shorter. With a few odd examples out, just about every stem on the market was made of POM. It’s suitable to the role and remains the most popular stem material for that reason – but there came a point at which folks started experimenting with other plastics and blends. I’m not sure who stepped away from the tried and true formula of Nylon and/or polycarbonate housing with POM stems, but the first I was aware of would be the Tangerine and its UHMWPE housing. I believe the massive success of that switch series kicked off a lot more wide-spread experimentation with materials.

C3 Equalz × The Key Company Tangerine switches; some earlier examples of bright colors, and the use of UHMWPE in switches.

(UHMWPE stands for Ultra High Molecular Weight Poly Ethylene, which is a soft and very slick plastic. It’s hard to shape precisely, but that slickness has a lot of value for switches.)

It wasn’t long before UHMWPE stems went from a low-run group-buy experiment to a stock category all their own. In just a few years the industry all but mastered the fickle material with its tendency to shrink, warp, and peel; giving us a whole suite of genuinely slick switches. It is in this environment – this hotbed of experimentation that the all-clear switches stood a chance at success. I don’t know who tried it first, but the first to get it right (or at least right enough to sell) was the brand Everglide, who uses JWK to manufacture their switches.

After a couple of low-number experimental runs and revisions, Everglide debuted the Aqua King V3 – easily the most hyped (and similarly over-hyped) switches since Creams, themselves the first all-white(ish) switch. Now – it makes sense for the first ever commercially available all-clear switch to make a splash (no pun intended), but I think the Aqua King rollout is emblematic of the shortcomings tied to influencer marketing from the consumer’s perspective. Many trusted reviewers were given Aqua Kings to review, and almost universally showered praise on them. One top reviewer said they were the smoothest, lowest-wobble stock switch they’d ever tried – and I believe him. The problem is that reviewers got cherry-picked samples, and the public didn’t.

A TTC Honey / Heart linear; another (almost) all-clear switch. One of the more unique examples, this one is a complex mix of materials.

Everglide’s Aqua King (also sometimes called Water King) uses a polycarbonate stem along with a polycarbonate top and bottom housing. From what I understand, PC can have a very smooth surface, be very firm, but that it’s also challenging to shape precisely on a small scale for various reasons. While I applaud Everglide for doing as well as they did with these, the brutal truth is that Aqua King V3s were horribly inconsistent, despite being reportedly much better than the prior two versions that only saw limited distribution. The hype momentum was real, though, and those switches sold like hotcakes – all the while maintaining overwhelmingly positive reviews. While its true that the good ones were some of the smoothest, most stable stock switches ever at the time, not even half the bag would be like that – and a good chunk of it might not even be usable at all.

Aqua Kings were really cool, but in my view, never evolved past anything but novelty. They got a revision that helped a bit with consistency, but even those are still one of the most inconsistent switch sets I’ve ever purchased. Their visual novelty did lots of heavy lifting, and I think the name including “King” while the word was at peak meme-usage sure didn’t hurt – but I think the most un-due momentum for them came from influencers and subsequently their fans. This isn’t to place any blame on the influencers; I’m confident all of them were sharing their honest opinion of what they had on-hand, and it is pretty a-typical for switch review samples to be significantly different than what customers get.

A TTC Frozen Silent linear, another one of many ice-themed clear switches. These have a milky bottom, unlike most of them.

With all the hype, of course every other manufacturer had to take a shot at making a clear switch – to not do so would be leaving money on the table – so a whole wave of clear switches came along shortly after the Aqua Kings. Some took a similar approach using polycarbonate, while others tried a clear version of Nylon. Some brands tried clear blends of UHMWPE. Most of these examples reference water or ice in their names, and most are good switches. I’d say just about all of those are less smooth and stable than Aqua Kings, but also significantly more consistent. After a year or so, just about everybody had one – but not Gateron.

Some reporting from ThereminGoat revealed they’d been working on one for a while, but they weren’t talking about it. That gave me the impression that they were interested in the idea, but wanted to wait until they really had it right before releasing it.

A Zeal Crystal tactile; another all-clear switch from Gateron that actually predates the North Pole. These are a bit more expensive, and are built around the CAP architecture instead of being derivative of the KS-9 Pro 2.0 design like the North Pole. These have a polished Nylon stem as opposed to Ink plastic, and also a Nylon bottom as opposed to polycarb.

In my opinion, this patience and persistence very much paid-off. When Gateron finally released the North Pole, the all-clear-craze was long-past, but the demand for smooth and stable switches remained – so do they measure-up all novelty aside? Unlike other manufacturers who tried things like polycarbonate and polyamide for clear stems, Gateron settled on their proprietary “Ink” plastic, which they’ve been using for the housings of their highest-end switches for a few years now.

Product image for the North Pole series from LumeKeebs, showing both the un-shrouded “yellow” stems, and the shrouded, short-travel “red” stems.

As Gateron’s Oil King took its own shots at the Aqua King, the North Pole takes all the more – and I think they land, too. This switch targets all the same performance points the Aqua King was touted to have:

• It’s all-clear, even more clear than all the others
• It’s really darn smooth from the factory
• It’s very stable

More than any of the copycats and indeed more than the “originals”, I think these are the “real” Aqua Kings – that is, I think these truly and reliably succeed at being the kind of switch the Aqua King was hyped to be.

That’s the important stuff you need to know right there, but if you’re reading this chances are you’re into details – so let’s dig in!

Aesthetics:

No surprise, these are clear – but even amongst all the other clear switches, these manage to stand-out aesthetically. They aren’t just made of colorless plastic you can see through, they are about as crystal-clear as they possibly can be – they look like wet ice. Not only does this make them visually striking in general, but it also helps them transmit RGB light in every direction. Just look at this one catching the evening sun!

Normal exposure; this almost crystalline switch is practically blinding as it transmits the evening sun directly into my face. Let’s bracket that down a little…

There we go. Much lower exposure; the broad-daylight background is blacked-out, and the colors of the sky show through the switch. Looks like a wet ice-cube on a hot day.

As another reviewer pointed-out, these have a weighty feeling in the hand compared to most other switches – and while the actual difference is small, it’s enough to feel. I think this lends to the “ice cube” aesthetic, and lends an impression of substance and quality. Even ignoring all the other aspects, if all you’re looking for is the most clear of the clear switches, well – look no further – I don’t think anyone else is going to get one looking more transparent than this.

These are clear. Like, really clear.

Given these switches manage to stand out in a sea of all-clear switches, and really nail the “wet ice” look, I give these a subjective A when it comes to aesthetics.

Sound:

When it comes to sound, North Poles are pretty interesting. The bottom-out impact is fairly sharp, but not very loud, and all the sounds are clean. That is, free of un-intentional sound; no rattles, scratches, or wiggles. Just clackity-clacks.

Overall, the sound signature of these is on the deep side. Maybe not quite as deep as an Aqua King, but pretty close – deeper than Inks, certainly deeper than average. There’s a sharp clack when you hit bottom as I mentioned, but it’s paired with a deeper thud that’s not present with most “clacky” switches.

Top and bottom-out impact sounds are remarkably similar.

For me cleanliness is a high priority, or at least valuable – and thats why I give these a subjective sound score of A-. That is, generally very clean and pleasant, marred by the occasional crunchy or wiggly spring.

Feel

When discussing the feel of switches, I’ll be breaking that factor down further into Smoothness, Stability, and Weighting.

Feel – Smoothness:

North Poles are glassy smooth; effectively zero grain. If you like to skate, these might be worth a look. They have the potential to stick-slip at very extreme angles or during very slow, gentle presses – I’ve never perceived it while typing.

If you check out ThereminGoat’s force-curve graph of the switch (which I believe is captured with fairly slow movement), I think this bears-out:

ThereminGoat’s real-world measurements for the Gateron North Pole switches.

The more compressed the spring, the less “noise” is visible in the measurement. I believe what we’re seeing here is the mild slip-stick effect (not grain) being increasingly overcome as more force is required to continue compressing the spring.

I *speculate* that if we had a way to take measurements at the speed of typing, that certain aspects of the graph would present differently depending on the switch – and in the case of the North Poles, I think the whole graph would look more like the last third measured the traditional way.

For real-world use, I give these an A+ for smoothness.

Feel – Stability:

Resting position wobble /10: N/S – 0, almost none | E/W – 1, very little

Bottom position wobble /10: N/S – 3, some | E/W – 1, very little

Travel Stability: 9/10, Excellent

Housing Fitment: 8/10, Very Good: A

Cap Fitment: No apparent issues: A

Overall, these are very stable switches – especially considering no upper stem walls / dust shroud. I’d give these an easy A for stability, kept from perfection only by the slightest inconsistency.

Feel – Weighting:

This is pretty subjective, but for me, these are *just right*. More than just about any other linear I can think of, I find these fantastic for typing.

In terms of bottom-out weight, these actually sit between Yellows and Blacks at 68.7g.

Factory spec sheet for the Gateron North Pole (Yellow)

According to the spec sheet, these are supposed to start moving at 40 grams (just like Yellows and Blacks) and linearly increase to 67, actuating midway at 50.

*In reality, it looks like it starts moving somewhere between 50 and 58g, depending. I think beyond a certain speed it doesn’t take as much force to overcome the slip-stick effect, and below you end up having to crest that first before returning to the spring’s natural force-curve. I think it likely that slow-moving measurement devices exaggerate the slip-stick effect, at least compared to how it would present in typing – but I think that’s useful none-the less.

I don’t think slip-stick is the only factor at-work here, but take a look at this with the above in-mind:

Slip-stick side-branch: ThereminGoat’s real-world measurements for the Gateron North Pole switches, with lines added to illustrate certain areas or relationships: Cyan shows the bottom-out weight. Orange is drawn from where the noise tapers-off, back across the peaks of the graph; this is a sort of “upper limit” for the noise. Yellow is drawn from the same point where the noise tapers-off, back across the valleys of the graph; this is a sort of “lower limit” for the noise. I think the end of this line also represents where I think the switch starts moving under normal fast typing conditions as opposed to the slower speed of measurement. Magenta is a straight line continued back from bottom-out through the same point where the noise tapers-off; this line happens to land on the factory-spec starting weight of the switch, 40g. I think what’s between orange and yellow is the additive noise of the slip-stick effect, which I think might change with different measurement speed. Between yellow and magenta is other resistance on-top of the spring; surface friction, oil viscosity, whatever it may be.

Either way, this switch has a very flat force-curve, essentially increasing only ~10g the entire travel. I think this “fast-curve” spring paired with the glassy-smooth operation and thicc housing collisions make this a delicious switch for typing. I give these a subjective A+ for weighting.

Reliability & Caveats:

This is a section where I talk about functional reliability, and consolidate any other caveats that may have come up in any other sections into a list of suggestions for potential improvement.

Consistency: In terms of this, I’ve encountered the occasional instance of a crunchy spring that can be heard and felt, but for the most part these are quite clean and consistent for a stock switch.

Functional Reliability: Gateron claims an extra-long lifespan of 80-million actuations in terms of the contacts. I don’t have any specific information about Ink plastic, but I don’t think there’s much reason to believe these will be any less durable or reliable than the average premium Gateron.

When it comes to overall reliability I’ll give these a solid A for the long life and only the most mild of consistency issues.

Another official image showing a tall jar full of North Poles.

Other Caveats: While these are very smooth in-motion, they also have some degree of slip-stick. I genuinely don’t thin this impacts normal use at all, but a very slow or gentle press may reveal it.

Suggestions for improvement: I don’t think I could contribute anything here that Gateron isn’t already thinking about; these switches aren’t perfect, but I do genuinely think they’re excellent.

When it comes to compromise, I think we’re looking at another solid A here. Unless you plan to be slow-pressing your switches more than anything else, you’re in for a great experience with these.

Value:

At around 68 cents each, North Poles are by no means cheap or inexpensive. These are a premium item and carry a premium price. By the same token, you do get more for your money here – so I do think the higher cost is worth it for me, and will be worth it for customers willing to pay more for specific qualities.

I give North Poles a solid B+ for value; well above average, but can only score so high being nearly 70 cents a switch.

Recap & conclusion:

Aesthetics: A
Sound: A-
Smoothness: A+
Overall Stability: A
Housing Fitment: A
Cap Fitment: A
Spring Feel: A+
Reliability: A
Compromise: A
Value: B+

Overall subjective score: A

To come back around, I think these switches are a perfect example of the staying power that taking the time to get something right has compared with the power of being first on the block. North Poles never got the crazy hype that Aqua Kings did, but they have a lot more staying power – and I think they more successfully execute on the original mission statement of the Aqua Kings themselves. I don’t think they’re the only ones, either – but I do think they’re the best.

Alright! That’s all I have to say about Gateron’s North Pole (Yellow) switch for today – thanks so much for reading, and have a good one.

Introduction:

Hello, my friends – I’m back with another review, and this time I’m taking a look at Prevail Key Company’s latest linear switch offering, the Nebula. This one’s un-sponsored; I was curious about these, bought some for myself, and decided to share my thoughts here after a few weeks with them in my daily keeb. Let’s get into it!

Ooh, pretty.

The Basics:

• Type: Linear
• Sub-types: Long-pole, Progressive
• Brand: Prevail Key Co. (with Cobertt of Control On Caps)
• Manufacturer: JWK
• Housing: full Nylon (PA)
• Stem: Custom mold, “LY” material*
• Spring weight: 62g**
• Factory lube: “light”
• Mounting: PCB / 5-pin

*I’ve reached out to Prevail for a little more info about what kind of plastic “LY” might be; I haven’t heard back as of writing, but will update with more information as I have it.

**I don’t currently have a force-curve graph or discrete measurements of starting, actuation, and bottom-out weights. IC’s listed the weight at 67g, sales pages list at 62g. I’ll update this review with that information as able.

Context & Background:

Originally announced with an Interest-Check post in mid-December of 2020, the Nebula switch has taken a long if not terribly winding road from there into the hands and keyboards of consumers. A collaboration between established builder Cobertt of Control On Caps and respected vendor Prevail Key Co., the Nebula switch had its sights set on being a smooth, clacky, progressive long-pole linear – a category with scant representation among stock commercial options.

Discussion around the IC mentioned that full-Nylon from JWK was exclusive to Cannon Keys, but by the time the GB rolled around, full-Nylon was all-systems-go for the Nebulae.

Original render from the Nebula Interest Check post on Geekhack

At the time of its announcement nearly two years ago, the progressive linear segment was vanishingly small – and it’s not very different today. Off-hand, I can only think of two others that actually made it to production: the ThicThock Marshmallow (also made by JWK, with springs hand-installed at the factory), and the NK_ Cream Arc (made by Kailh, no clue about the springs there). At one time, TKC’s Dragonfruit switch was planned as a progressive linear, but the idea was abandoned for an Ergo Clear style tactile instead when it became clear manually-oriented springs would mean a price increase they weren’t happy with. Ever since TKC announced that change, I’d been hoping for other factory progressives to hit the market, so I was naturally excited by the announcement of this switch – and unlike TKC’s, this one made it to market almost completely unchanged from its initial plan.

The Nebula’s core, a roughly 20mm progressive spring. On the left side, there’s about 4mm worth of tighter coiling.

If you’re not familiar, a “progressive” spring is one whose *rate* of rising resistance increases with compression. That is, the more the spring is compressed, the faster the resistance increases per unit of compression. All springs increase in resistance (usually just called “weight” in the keeb hobby) as they are compressed, but the amount of weight increase per unit of compression is generally the same throughout compression. Some springs increase in weight only slightly when compressed (called “slow curve”), others more dramatically (called “fast curve”) – but both of those fall under the “linear” spring category – plotted on a resistance/compression graph (called a “force curve graph”), the data would appear as a straight line; shallow, steep, or somewhere in between. However, a “progressive” spring will produce a *curved* line on the very same graph, increasing in steepness with compression.

Automotive spring graph from the iRacing forums illustrating the difference between a progressive spring rate (left) and a linear one (right).

The nature, efficacy, and character of progressive springs is its own multi-pronged discussion, still fairly rich with debate to this day – so I’ll avoid getting into those weeds for the moment. For now, I’ll carve-out this detail for today’s discussion:

Marshmallow switches cost more than originally planned thanks to hand-installation of the springs at the factory. Dragonfruit switches got turned into something else completely in lieu of raising the price or suffering inconsistency. When I asked Prevail if spring orientation could be a factor for these switches, the initial response was yes, due to the tighter coil at one end. I mis-remembered this as meaning the spring would be conical, which actually would make the orientation matter – but I think they were just talking about pitch.

There’s all kinds of debate about whether cylindrical progressive springs behave differently depending on their orientation inside the switch, with most evidence leaning towards it making no difference – *however* – that story changes when the top and bottom of the spring aren’t the same shape, and may not be interacting with identically-shaped surfaces at either end inside the switch. That is, with a conical spring, orientation *may indeed* matter because the pre-load compression may be different depending on that orientation because of the surfaces the spring seats into / onto.

No specific reason this photo is here, I just thought it looked cool.

That confirmation was two years ago, though – and while a surprising number of details have remained unchanged since that time, the one about spring orientation hasn’t. From what I can gather, the story now goes like this:

Prevail decided against using hand-installation of the springs to avoid a price increase, but also decided to stick with the progressive springs, being a core part of the idea behind them. Apparently they determined that with the spring they settled on, orientation made either no difference or not enough to make inconsistency obvious. They also factored-in a safely-assumed high likelihood that people would be opening these anyway, and thus have an opportunity to orient the spring as they prefer. It seems Prevail thought this would be the best compromise between retaining their vision and attaining affordability, and I think they made the right call.

A photo taken in lower, warmer light (and on a Bob Ross deskmat)

Examining the spring found in the final version of the switch, I confirmed that it is not conical, and has the same 3.75mm contact footprint on either end. That is, in theory, flipping the spring shouldn’t have a significant impact on the travel feel. At least when it comes to hard measurable data, there’s slim-to-none supporting the idea that spring orientation matters *unless* the footprint of either end is different from the other. (It probably further depends on how the housing interacts with those footprints; I think it’s easy to imagine some that may tolerate a smaller or larger diameter without changing anything, and others that may seat a smaller coil differently from a larger one.)

Aside from the spring orientation factor, one other significant detail has changed since the IC, and that’s stem material. Originally planned as having a new mold but traditional POM material, the stems are now made of a new-to-switches plastic referred to only as “LY”. As mentioned above, I’ve reached out to Prevail for some more information on this, but so far don’t have much of anything to tell you about it.

A less significant change would be moving from a “milky” plastic look to a clear one for the Nylon housing.

More crystal-y than milky, really.

Alright! It’s time to evaluate these sparkly switches.

Aesthetics:

Whether you caught the IC two years ago or you just happened to see these on Prevail’s website yesterday, the most immediately noticeable thing about these switches is their appearance. While sparkly switches aren’t exactly unheard-of these days, they’re still pretty uncommon – and barely existed at all two years ago. To this day, I’m pretty sure this is the only switch with this particular look: clear purple housing with embedded glitter and an off-white stem.

What an opportune time to have a huge coffee-table book about space

In a sea of many, many MX-compatible switches, these manage to stand-out as visually novel – and I think the aesthetic theme is well-executed. Aside from being unusual, I also think they’re striking and pretty. I’m biased, being a huge fan of purple, but I love the color and finish. IMHO, these are some of the nicest-to-look-at switches in my ever-growing collection.

Subjective to personal opinion as it may be, I’d rate the aesthetics of this switch a solid A. They’re fun to look at and at least for now, very distinctive in appearance.

Sound:

If you’ve heard long-pole linears before, these won’t be unfamiliar. In the realm of clacky switches, I would say these are on the mild end when it comes to sound – they’re clacky, not harsh.

For the most part sound is a subjective thing like other aesthetic aspects, but there are some things I focus on when it comes to gauging quality – or at least when it comes to what I enjoy. I like my sounds clean and deliberate. Loud, quiet, sharp, deep – as long as it’s clean. For me, “clean” means an absence of un-intended sound, or sound that in some way signals compromise. Rattle. Tick. Creak. Chatter. Ping! More rattle…

Another photo in low, warm light – helps to illustrate the stem’s not-quite-white-ness.

So are the Nebulae *clean?* Mmmmm they’re alright. The friction surfaces are all more quiet than average – just about silent – but those springs are a little chattery, wiggling around in there like miniature Slinkies. This is something I’ve seen happen *especially* with springs that have tighter coil sections like progressive springs tend to. These have a long section of wide coils that make up most of the travel feel, but they also have a section of much tighter coiling at one end. That part compresses first; other things being equal, the more shallow the angle, the less resistance offered by the coil. The *down-side* of that is those close-together bits of wire are *way* more likely to smack into each-other and make all kinds of messy vibrations than far-apart coils.

Ah, but nothing a little donut-dip in grease or spin in the oil tub can’t fix. So – if you’re liking everything else about this switch, the slinky-springs don’t need to be a deal-breaker. When it comes to my nebulous, arbitrary, mood-dependent scoring system, however, I’ll mainly be focusing on the stock performance. That in mind, I’d give the stock sound experience of the Nebula switches a whelming, fair, and acceptable B-.

Feel:

When discussing the feel of switches, I’ll be breaking that factor down further into Smoothness, Stability, and Weighting.

Time for another photo! Here you can see the contact leaf through the glittery housing.

Feel – Smoothness:

When it comes to actually using these switches, the first thing you’re likely to notice about these is that they’re very smooth right from the bag. Even since 2020 this has become a much less rare thing, especially considering this is a JWK-produced switch – but it’s no less important of a factor when it comes to evaluation, and the Nebula switches have it.

Specifically:

• There is very little *if any* perceivable grain in the travel
• The only resistance you feel when typing is from the spring; no binding, no slip-stick, not overly tight
• The feel is consistent throughout travel as well as between switches

Considering only the smoothness aspect of feel, the Nebula switches earn an easy A.

Feel – Stability:

I’ll be breaking this down into a few related factors that come together to give the overall impression of stability in a given switch; resting wobble, bottom wobble, travel stability, and housing fitment. While the last one plays-into and affects the other three, it isn’t the only factor in them, so I kept it as its own point of analysis.

Resting position wobble:

This is how much play exists between the stem and housing when the switch is topped-out, or in its base “off” position – the state it’s in when just sitting on its own, not being pressed-down. This is what most people are referring to when they talk about “wobble”, but I like to distinguish it from some other types.

In the case of the Nebula switches, resting wobble seems pretty average, if perhaps a bit more. When it comes to this factor, they don’t really stand out either way. I’d give them a B- for resting wobble.

Just so there’s a little more color variety going on here

Bottom position wobble:

This is how much play a stem has within a housing while in the fully-depressed position; when it’s actively being pushed all the way down. In most switches, this is a factor that isn’t often given much attention – but in “long-pole” or otherwise short travel linears like this one, I’ve seen at least a few people cite it as a high-priority data-point. This makes sense, as long-pole switches *generally* have significantly more bottom-wobble than more traditional designs.

Today’s switches are no exception: the bottom-wobble is real. In context of other long-poles, this one doesn’t stand out as being noticeably worse or better – but in a more general context, it’s definitely noticeable when compared to the broader pool of MX-compatible switches.

This is pretty much par for the course when it comes to long-poles and is to be expected; those in the category that *don’t* suffer from this are vanishingly-small in number. For bottom-wobble (and considering its type), I’d give these a dead-average C.

Travel Stability:

At least until I get some measuring equipment, this is a bit more of a subjective factor – but still one I think is very worth discussing when it comes to the feel of a given switch. One might be rock-solid at the top and bottom, but if it feels wiggly all the way down, I’m not going to call it “stable”. When trying to pin this down for yourself, it might help to think of it this way: “when I push this switch down, does the key stay level as if on a flat platform, or does it teeter and wobble as if balancing on a point?”

The last two factors are important to me, but this one nearly eclipses them both when it comes to my personal priorities. If a switch feels “on rails” as it is moving up and down, that makes a very positive impression on me when it comes to perceived quality. So – how are the Nebulae?

Meh? They’re not bad – but they’re not good, either. This may be the Nebula’s weakest performance factor; I’d give them a resoundingly-bleh C- for travel stability.

Housing Fitment:

Not a whole lot to say here – it’s good. So far, none that I’ve opened seem like they need films afterwards, though I’ve heard you can fit especially thin ones in there if you really want to. Another easy A here.

The housings have a good fit. And sparkles.

Cap Fitment:

While not necessarily always a stability factor, this seemed like the most sensible place to talk about the fit between stem and keycap. When excessively loose, this can have a negative impact on the stability and cleanliness of sound and feel. When excessively tight, this can make the switch difficult or impossible to use – and can even damage or destroy keycap stems.

The Nebula’s “LY” stems don’t grip caps as well as the average POM one, but they also do better than plenty of UHMWPE stems. When using a GMK cap, for example, the fitment seems pretty normal – but with one of my PBT sets, it’s noticeably easier than average to install and remove caps from the stems.

A look at the LY stem and its tapered long pole; overall length appears to be about 13.5mm.

They aren’t so loose that I’d consider it a problem, and I don’t expect any but the most loose of caps to have any trouble staying on and in-position, but I still thought it worth mentioning that these have a less-tight-than-average grip with cap stems. When it comes to cap fitment, I’d give the Nebula switches a roughly-average C. (It might actually be a little more loose than average, but since I didn’t observe any actual issues with any caps I tried on them, I see no reason to rate this any lower.)

All of that considered, I’d give the Nebula switches a flat C when it comes to overall stability.

Feel – Weighting:

So, how does that weird-looking spring feel?

The spring, as seen through the transparent housing

I’d say I get the most out of them with a medium-light typing style. They’ll tolerate slammy-whammy typing just fine, but their nuance comes out somewhere between that and twinkle-toeing your way along the keys – and you’ll get less slinky-chatter that way, too.

Now – I don’t have a force-curve-graph device – yet – but I’ll do my best to describe my subjective experience of these.

Over well before actuation happens, the first tiny bit of travel is like a light, gentle pillow. Behind that, it feels like a slow-curve linear the rest of the way down to me, perhaps with a mild ramping-up more towards the bottom. On the way back up, that mostly-slow-curve linear action gives you a nice, lively alley-oop – but instead of a follow-through that smacks the stem into a wall, it mellows to the gentle shove of an ice curling champion right at the end.

Easy does it…

Colorful hyperbole aside, the spring manages to impart something of a “bouncy” feel without an aggressive fast curve. Slightly more marshmallow-y than Marshmallows? Maybe. Look, using words to describe springs is hard ok

Is it going to blow your mind with its novel force-curve? No. Is it pleasant to use and a bit more interesting than yellows / reds / blacks? Yes. It’s also more smooth than most chromonymous switches, too. Yes, I just made that word up – but hey, that’s language for ya

When it comes to the spring feel, I think Nebulae get an A, eh? Ay!

Reliability & Caveats:

This is a section where I talk about functional reliability, and consolidate any other caveats that may have come up in any other sections into a list of suggestions for potential improvement.

Functional Reliability:

When it comes to functional reliability, there’s only a few things that can go wrong – and generally speaking, you’re looking at either occasional missed inputs or occasional unintended repeat inputs, also called “chatter”. Other potential caveats may include manufacturing inconsistencies, material durability issues, or significant fitment problems. So – how reliable are the Nebula switches?

Reasonably – but not completely.

*Every now and then* – just often enough to stop questioning if it’s a fluke – the Nebulae will chatter. That is, on rare occasions, pressing a key once will send the signal twice – and you’ll end up with an extra letter or number on-screen. This is rare enough that I don’t count it as a significant detractor – but just frequent enough that I feel ignoring it would be disingenuous.

Said another way, I’ve been using these switches every day for a few weeks, often for many hours each day. During that time, I think the most I’ve seen chatter in a single day is three instances. Some days I don’t see any at all. Most I’ll see one or two. I’d call these reasonably reliable – but if reliable function is critical, I’d look elsewhere. I’d give Nebulae the subjective score of B- when it comes to functional reliability.

Low-light photo with the switch sitting on NovelKeys’ PBT Taro

Other Caveats:

When it comes to detractors for this switch, they’re pretty much all centered around the stem and housing having fairly loose tolerance with each-other, and around the noisy spring. (To JWK’s credit: In my experience, tuning audible noise out of progressive springs is a bit more challenging than with standard ones.)

So, a list of caveats for this switch would be:

• Less than perfect functional reliability: some electrical chatter —> extra inputs
• Not all that stable
• Sound isn’t clean
• Might be a little loose depending on your caps

Suggestions for improvement:

Were I to be in charge of a round two for these switches here’s what I would set out to change:

• Inspect closely the operation of the contacts and see if anything can be done about the occasional electrical chatter
• Adjust the new stem mold to produce an ever-so-slightly larger stem
• If at all practical, include a process in the factory lubrication that involves the spring; both ends dipped in grease or the whole thing soaked in oil – either should take the edge off of these talkative springs

When it comes to overall caveats, how do these measure up? I’d give Nebulae a solid B when it comes to necessary compromise.

Value:

Here’s where it all comes together. We know what the switch is about and how successful it is in reaching its stated goals – but how much does it cost, and is it worth it?

Coming in at ten cents under the target price settled-on at the end of the IC, Prevail Nebulae come in at a very reasonable ~$0.65 per switch. This puts them on the high side of average, and for a switch that performs as well as this one does right from the bag, I think it’s spot-on. At least on Prevail’s website, Nebula switches are offered in packs of 70, 90, and 110 – not the packs-of-ten they’d originally planned on, but a reasonable enough breakdown.

A nice look at the “Prevail” badge.

Cleanliness of sound and degree of wobble are the only real weaknesses here IMO, and they aren’t too bad in that regard – just not impressive like their Epsilon siblings. So, while these may not be quite the “must have” I consider those to be, I don’t have any misgivings about calling Nebula switches a solid value.

If stability or stock cleanliness is a high priority for you, I don’t think these will satisfy – but if you hold smoothness or a nuanced spring character above those, I recommend including Prevail Nebulae among your considerations. They are unfalteringly smooth, pleasantly clacky, and offer a haptic experience a bit more nuanced than the average bear (or Panda, or Alpaca…) – When it comes to overall value, I’m happy to award Prevail Nebula switches a healthy A-.

Quick subjective score recap:

Aesthetics: A
Sound: B-
Smoothness: A
Overall Stability: C
Housing Fitment: A
Cap Fitment: C
Spring Feel: A
Reliability: B-
Compromise: B
Value: A-

Overall subjective score: B+

While I wasn’t as impressed with these as I was with Epsilons, hey – those are a hard act to follow. None the less, these Nebulae have their own nuanced experience to offer, and I’d recommend them for folks who want to see what the progressive business is about. If you’re looking to treat your fingers with some soft, spacey clacks, well – you could do a whole lot worse than these – and there’s really nothing else out there right now that looks quite like them.

Alright! That’s all I have to say about Prevail’s Nebula switch for today – thanks so much for reading, and have a good one.